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DETAILED ARTICLE ON MEMORY IN COMPUTER.

  MEMORY OF COMPUTER: DETAILED EXPLANATION INTRODUCTION MEMORY IN A COMPUTER IS THE MOST ESSENTIAL COMPONENT THAT STORES DATA, INSTRUCTIONS, AND INFORMATION TEMPORARILY OR PERMANENTLY. IT ACTS AS A BRIDGE BETWEEN THE CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT (CPU) AND THE STORAGE DEVICES, ENSURING SMOOTH DATA PROCESSING AND RETRIEVAL. WITHOUT MEMORY, A COMPUTER CANNOT PERFORM ANY OPERATION. COMPUTER MEMORY IS BROADLY CATEGORIZED BASED ON ACCESS TIME, CAPACITY, COST, AND VOLATILITY . IT DETERMINES THE PERFORMANCE AND EFFICIENCY OF THE ENTIRE SYSTEM. TYPES OF COMPUTER MEMORY COMPUTER MEMORY IS MAINLY DIVIDED INTO PRIMARY MEMORY AND SECONDARY MEMORY , AND ALSO INCLUDES CACHE MEMORY AND VIRTUAL MEMORY AS SPECIAL TYPES. 1. PRIMARY MEMORY (MAIN MEMORY) PRIMARY MEMORY IS DIRECTLY ACCESSIBLE BY THE CPU. IT IS FAST BUT LIMITED IN SIZE AND VOLATILE IN NATURE, MEANING DATA IS LOST WHEN POWER IS TURNED OFF. CHARACTERISTICS: HIGH SPEED LIMITED STORAGE CAPACITY VOLATILE (T...
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EXPANSION SLOTS: A SHORT NOTE

  FRIENDS TODAY I AM GOING TO SHARE MY KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING OF THE EXPANSION SLOTS. SO LETS BEGIN WITH OUR TOPIC.

EXPANSION SLOTS ARE USED TO PROVIDE ADDITIONAL PROPERTIES FOR CARRYING THE COMPUTATION TASK SUCH AS ADDITIONAL VIDEO, AUDIO AND SOUND, ADVANCED GRAPHICS AND ETHERNET.   SO LETS BEGIN WITH OUR KNOWLEDGE HUNTING. I WILL START BY AGP EXPANSION SLOTS.

 

AGP

EXPANSION SLOT, COMPUTER, EXPANSION CARD


AGP STANDS FOR ACCELARATE GRAPHICS PORT.  AGP WAS INTRODUCED WITH HIGH SPEED 3D GRAPHICS DISPLAY IN 1996.  IT IS USED FOR OLDER GRAPHICS CARD TYPES WHICH IS DISCONTINUED BY PCI EX16 GRAPHICS PORT IN 2005.  

THESE WERE KERNEL VERSION OF AGP MOST OF THE BRAND IN 1.5 VOLT DC.  AGP 1X CHANNEL AND 66MHZ CLOCK SPEED RESULTING A DATA TABLE OF 266 MBPS.   AGP 2X, 4X ,8X SPECIFICATION MULTIPLY MHZ CLOCK TO PRODUCE INCREASE THROUGHPUT.

AGP 8X PRODUCES EFFECTIVE CLOCK FREQUENCY OF 533 MHZ RESULTING A THROUGHPUT OF 2 GBPS (2133MHZ) RESULTING A THROUGHPUT OF OVER A 32 BIT CHANNEL.

 


PCI

EXPANSION SLOT, COMPUTER, EXPANSION CARD


PCI  STANDS FOR PERIPHERAL COMPONENT INTERCONNECT.  IT IS A 32BIT INTERFACE OPERATING AT 133MHZ PRODUCING MAXIMUM 266 MBPS THROUGHPUT.  PCI SLOTS OPERATE 3.3V DC AND +5 V DC.

 

IT IS A UNIVERSAL ADAPTER WHICH PLUGS AUDIO CARD , VGA CARD, LAN CARD, TV CARD, AND MANY MORE.  PCI HAS 3 VERSION WHICH ARE 1) PCI,2)PCI-X, 3) PCI-E.  SO LETS BEGIN WITH OUR FIRST TYPE PCI EXPANSION SLOTS.

 



PCI EXPRESS EXPANSION SLOTS

EXPANSION SLOT, COMPUTER, EXPANSION CARD


PCI EXPRESS IS AN UPGRADED VERSION OF A STANDARD PCI SLOT.  THIS SLOT HAS REPLACED  AGP AND PCIX.  SIMILAR TO OLDER STANDARD PCI EXPRESS CARD PHYSICALLY SLIDES INT TE PCIE SLOT ON THE MOTHERBOARD IT ALLOWS A HIGH BANDWIDTH COMMUNICATION BETWEEN THE DEVICES AND THE MOTHERBOARD.

 

PCI EXPRESS USES THE CONCEPT OF LANES WHICH ARE SWITCHED POINT TO POINT SIGNAL PATHS.  THE SINGLE LANE OR COMBINED COLLECTION OF LANES THAT INTERCONNECT WITH DEVICES IS REFERRED AS A LINK.  THERE ARE SEVEN DIFFERENT LINK TYPE SUPPORTED.

 

PCI EXPRESS THEY ARE X1,X2,X4, X8, X16, X32 BETWEEN THEM.  THE X1, X4, X16 MOSTLY USED.  EACH X DEFINES 250 MBPS BANDWIDTH THAT RESULTS PCIEX16 SLOT IS CAPABLE OF 4GBPS OF THROUGHPUT EACH DIRECTION.

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THANKS FOR READING.  HOPE YOU LIKED IT.

 



  










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