TITLE: THE EVOLUTION AND MECHANICS OF JOYSTICKS: FROM GAMING TO AEROSPACE INTRODUCTION: JOYSTICKS HAVE TRANSCENDED THEIR ORIGINS AS MERE GAMING PERIPHERALS TO BECOME INTEGRAL COMPONENTS IN VARIOUS INDUSTRIES, FROM AVIATION AND SPACE EXPLORATION TO MEDICAL EQUIPMENT AND INDUSTRIAL MACHINERY. THESE VERSATILE INPUT DEVICES HAVE EVOLVED SIGNIFICANTLY SINCE THEIR INCEPTION, OFFERING PRECISE CONTROL AND ERGONOMIC DESIGN. THIS ARTICLE DELVES INTO THE EVOLUTION, MECHANICS, AND DIVERSE APPLICATIONS OF JOYSTICKS ACROSS DIFFERENT FIELDS. HISTORY OF JOYSTICKS: THE CONCEPT OF THE JOYSTICK DATES BACK TO THE EARLY 20TH CENTURY WHEN IT WAS INITIALLY USED IN AVIATION FOR CONTROLLING AIRCRAFT. THE EARLIEST JOYSTICKS WERE SIMPLE MECHANICAL DEVICES CONSISTING OF A LEVER MOUNTED ON A PIVOT, WHICH PILOTS USED TO MANEUVER THEIR PLANES. OVER TIME, JOYSTICKS FOUND THEIR WAY INTO ARCADE GAMES, HOME CONSOLES, AND EVENTUALLY PERSONAL COMPUTERS, REVOLUTIONIZING THE GAMING INDUSTRY. MECHANICS OF JOY...
FRIENDS TODAY I AM GOING
TO SHARE MY KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING OF THE EXPANSION SLOTS. SO LETS BEGIN
WITH OUR TOPIC.
EXPANSION SLOTS ARE USED TO
PROVIDE ADDITIONAL PROPERTIES FOR CARRYING THE COMPUTATION TASK SUCH AS
ADDITIONAL VIDEO, AUDIO AND SOUND, ADVANCED GRAPHICS AND ETHERNET.
SO LETS BEGIN WITH OUR KNOWLEDGE HUNTING. I WILL START BY AGP EXPANSION
SLOTS.
AGP
AGP STANDS FOR ACCELARATE
GRAPHICS PORT. AGP WAS INTRODUCED WITH HIGH SPEED 3D GRAPHICS DISPLAY IN
1996. IT IS USED FOR OLDER GRAPHICS CARD TYPES WHICH IS DISCONTINUED BY
PCI EX16 GRAPHICS PORT IN 2005.
THESE WERE KERNEL VERSION OF
AGP MOST OF THE BRAND IN 1.5 VOLT DC. AGP 1X CHANNEL AND 66MHZ CLOCK
SPEED RESULTING A DATA TABLE OF 266 MBPS. AGP 2X, 4X ,8X
SPECIFICATION MULTIPLY MHZ CLOCK TO PRODUCE INCREASE THROUGHPUT.
AGP 8X PRODUCES EFFECTIVE CLOCK
FREQUENCY OF 533 MHZ RESULTING A THROUGHPUT OF 2 GBPS (2133MHZ) RESULTING A
THROUGHPUT OF OVER A 32 BIT CHANNEL.
PCI
PCI STANDS FOR PERIPHERAL
COMPONENT INTERCONNECT. IT IS A 32BIT INTERFACE OPERATING AT 133MHZ
PRODUCING MAXIMUM 266 MBPS THROUGHPUT. PCI SLOTS OPERATE 3.3V DC AND +5 V
DC.
IT IS A UNIVERSAL ADAPTER WHICH
PLUGS AUDIO CARD , VGA CARD, LAN CARD, TV CARD, AND MANY MORE. PCI HAS 3
VERSION WHICH ARE 1) PCI,2)PCI-X, 3) PCI-E. SO LETS BEGIN WITH OUR FIRST
TYPE PCI EXPANSION SLOTS.
PCI EXPRESS EXPANSION SLOTS
PCI EXPRESS IS AN UPGRADED
VERSION OF A STANDARD PCI SLOT. THIS SLOT HAS REPLACED AGP AND
PCIX. SIMILAR TO OLDER STANDARD PCI EXPRESS CARD PHYSICALLY SLIDES INT TE
PCIE SLOT ON THE MOTHERBOARD IT ALLOWS A HIGH BANDWIDTH COMMUNICATION BETWEEN
THE DEVICES AND THE MOTHERBOARD.
PCI EXPRESS USES THE CONCEPT OF
LANES WHICH ARE SWITCHED POINT TO POINT SIGNAL PATHS. THE SINGLE LANE OR
COMBINED COLLECTION OF LANES THAT INTERCONNECT WITH DEVICES IS REFERRED AS A
LINK. THERE ARE SEVEN DIFFERENT LINK TYPE SUPPORTED.
PCI EXPRESS THEY ARE X1,X2,X4,
X8, X16, X32 BETWEEN THEM. THE X1, X4, X16 MOSTLY USED. EACH X
DEFINES 250 MBPS BANDWIDTH THAT RESULTS PCIEX16 SLOT IS CAPABLE OF 4GBPS OF
THROUGHPUT EACH DIRECTION.
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FREQUENTLY RESTARTS, COMPUTER RANDOMLY RESTARTS
THANKS FOR READING. HOPE
YOU LIKED IT.
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