Skip to main content

INTERFACES IN COMPUTER AND USB IN DETAIL

IN COMPUTING, AN INTERFACE IS A SHARED BOUNDARY ACROSS WHICH TWO SEPARATE COMPONENTS OF A COMPUTER SYSTEM EXCHANGE INFORMATION. THERE ARE SEVERAL DIFFERENT TYPES OF INTERFACES, CATEGORIZED BASED ON THEIR PURPOSE AND WHERE THEY ARE USED. HERE'S A BREAKDOWN OF THE MAIN TYPES: 1. USER INTERFACES (UI) THESE ALLOW HUMANS TO INTERACT WITH COMPUTERS. GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE (GUI): USES WINDOWS, ICONS, MENUS, AND POINTERS (E.G., WINDOWS, MACOS, GNOME). COMMAND-LINE INTERFACE (CLI): USERS TYPE COMMANDS INTO A CONSOLE OR TERMINAL (E.G., LINUX TERMINAL, COMMAND PROMPT). TOUCH USER INTERFACE: USES TOUCHSCREENS (E.G., SMARTPHONES, TABLETS). VOICE USER INTERFACE (VUI): INTERACTS VIA SPOKEN COMMANDS (E.G., SIRI, ALEXA). NATURAL USER INTERFACE (NUI): USES GESTURES, GAZE, OR BIOMETRICS (E.G., KINECT, EYE-TRACKING). 2. HARDWARE INTERFACES ENABLE COMMUNICATION BETWEEN PHYSICAL DEVICES. PERIPHERAL INTERFACES: CON...
Post a Comment

EXPANSION SLOTS: A SHORT NOTE

  FRIENDS TODAY I AM GOING TO SHARE MY KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING OF THE EXPANSION SLOTS. SO LETS BEGIN WITH OUR TOPIC.

EXPANSION SLOTS ARE USED TO PROVIDE ADDITIONAL PROPERTIES FOR CARRYING THE COMPUTATION TASK SUCH AS ADDITIONAL VIDEO, AUDIO AND SOUND, ADVANCED GRAPHICS AND ETHERNET.   SO LETS BEGIN WITH OUR KNOWLEDGE HUNTING. I WILL START BY AGP EXPANSION SLOTS.

 

AGP

EXPANSION SLOT, COMPUTER, EXPANSION CARD


AGP STANDS FOR ACCELARATE GRAPHICS PORT.  AGP WAS INTRODUCED WITH HIGH SPEED 3D GRAPHICS DISPLAY IN 1996.  IT IS USED FOR OLDER GRAPHICS CARD TYPES WHICH IS DISCONTINUED BY PCI EX16 GRAPHICS PORT IN 2005.  

THESE WERE KERNEL VERSION OF AGP MOST OF THE BRAND IN 1.5 VOLT DC.  AGP 1X CHANNEL AND 66MHZ CLOCK SPEED RESULTING A DATA TABLE OF 266 MBPS.   AGP 2X, 4X ,8X SPECIFICATION MULTIPLY MHZ CLOCK TO PRODUCE INCREASE THROUGHPUT.

AGP 8X PRODUCES EFFECTIVE CLOCK FREQUENCY OF 533 MHZ RESULTING A THROUGHPUT OF 2 GBPS (2133MHZ) RESULTING A THROUGHPUT OF OVER A 32 BIT CHANNEL.

 


PCI

EXPANSION SLOT, COMPUTER, EXPANSION CARD


PCI  STANDS FOR PERIPHERAL COMPONENT INTERCONNECT.  IT IS A 32BIT INTERFACE OPERATING AT 133MHZ PRODUCING MAXIMUM 266 MBPS THROUGHPUT.  PCI SLOTS OPERATE 3.3V DC AND +5 V DC.

 

IT IS A UNIVERSAL ADAPTER WHICH PLUGS AUDIO CARD , VGA CARD, LAN CARD, TV CARD, AND MANY MORE.  PCI HAS 3 VERSION WHICH ARE 1) PCI,2)PCI-X, 3) PCI-E.  SO LETS BEGIN WITH OUR FIRST TYPE PCI EXPANSION SLOTS.

 



PCI EXPRESS EXPANSION SLOTS

EXPANSION SLOT, COMPUTER, EXPANSION CARD


PCI EXPRESS IS AN UPGRADED VERSION OF A STANDARD PCI SLOT.  THIS SLOT HAS REPLACED  AGP AND PCIX.  SIMILAR TO OLDER STANDARD PCI EXPRESS CARD PHYSICALLY SLIDES INT TE PCIE SLOT ON THE MOTHERBOARD IT ALLOWS A HIGH BANDWIDTH COMMUNICATION BETWEEN THE DEVICES AND THE MOTHERBOARD.

 

PCI EXPRESS USES THE CONCEPT OF LANES WHICH ARE SWITCHED POINT TO POINT SIGNAL PATHS.  THE SINGLE LANE OR COMBINED COLLECTION OF LANES THAT INTERCONNECT WITH DEVICES IS REFERRED AS A LINK.  THERE ARE SEVEN DIFFERENT LINK TYPE SUPPORTED.

 

PCI EXPRESS THEY ARE X1,X2,X4, X8, X16, X32 BETWEEN THEM.  THE X1, X4, X16 MOSTLY USED.  EACH X DEFINES 250 MBPS BANDWIDTH THAT RESULTS PCIEX16 SLOT IS CAPABLE OF 4GBPS OF THROUGHPUT EACH DIRECTION.

YOU MAY ALSO LIKE:DIGITAL COMPUTER: A SHORT NOTE

YOU MAY ALSO LIKE:DIFFERENT EDITIONS OF WINDOWS 8.1

YOU MAY ALSO LIKE:COMPUTER FREQUENTLY RESTARTS, COMPUTER RANDOMLY RESTARTS

THANKS FOR READING.  HOPE YOU LIKED IT.

 



  










Labels:

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

CONTROLLER CHIPS AND BUS ARCHITECTURES IN PERSONAL COMPUTER

  CONTROLLER CHIPS AND BUS ARCHITECTURES IN COMPUTER CONTROLLER CHIPS IN A COMPUTER REFER TO INTEGRATED CIRCUITS (ICS) OR CHIPS THAT ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR MANAGING AND CONTROLLING SPECIFIC FUNCTIONS OR COMPONENTS WITHIN THE COMPUTER SYSTEM. THESE CHIPS PLAY A CRUCIAL ROLE IN ENSURING THAT VARIOUS HARDWARE COMPONENTS WORK TOGETHER SEAMLESSLY. HERE ARE SOME COMMON TYPES OF CONTROLLER CHIPS FOUND IN COMPUTERS: 1.       PERIPHERAL CONTROLLER CHIPS: THESE CHIPS MANAGE THE COMMUNICATION BETWEEN THE COMPUTER'S CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT (CPU) AND PERIPHERAL DEVICES SUCH AS HARD DRIVES, USB DEVICES, PRINTERS, AND MORE. FOR EXAMPLE, A SATA CONTROLLER CHIP MANAGES DATA TRANSFER BETWEEN THE CPU AND SATA-CONNECTED STORAGE DEVICES. 2.       GRAPHICS CONTROLLER CHIPS: ALSO KNOWN AS GRAPHICS PROCESSING UNITS (GPUS), THESE CHIPS HANDLE THE PROCESSING AND RENDERING OF GRAPHICS AND IMAGES. THEY ARE CRUCIAL FOR VIDEO DISPLAY AND GAMING PERFOR...
Post a Comment
Read more

MOUSE TYPES AND INNER WORKINGS

 MOUSE TYPES AND INNER WORKINGS COMPUTER MICE COME IN VARIOUS TYPES, EACH DESIGNED FOR DIFFERENT PURPOSES AND PREFERENCES. HERE ARE SOME COMMON TYPES OF COMPUTER MICE: 1.      WIRED MOUSE : THIS IS THE TRADITIONAL TYPE OF MOUSE THAT CONNECTS TO THE COMPUTER VIA A CABLE. IT'S SIMPLE, RELIABLE, AND DOESN'T REQUIRE BATTERY CHANGES. HOWEVER, THE CABLE CAN SOMETIMES BE CUMBERSOME. 2.      WIRELESS MOUSE : THESE MICE CONNECT TO THE COMPUTER VIA WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY SUCH AS BLUETOOTH OR A USB RECEIVER. THEY OFFER MORE FLEXIBILITY IN MOVEMENT SINCE THEY ARE NOT TETHERED BY A CABLE. THEY REQUIRE BATTERIES OR RECHARGING. 3.      OPTICAL MOUSE : OPTICAL MICE USE AN LED LIGHT AND OPTICAL SENSOR TO TRACK MOVEMENT, TRANSLATING IT INTO CURSOR MOVEMENT ON THE SCREEN. THEY WORK ON MOST SURFACES AND ARE GENERALLY MORE ACCURATE THAN OLDER BALL MICE. 4.      LASER MOUSE : LASER MICE USE A LASER INSTEAD OF AN L...
Post a Comment
Read more

GENERAL FEATURES OF WINDOWS 7

  GENERAL FEATURES OF WINDOWS 7   EVERY LIVING BEING HAS SOME COMMON GENERAL FEATURES THAT DISTINGUISH THEM AMONG OTHER LIVING BEINGS.  FEATURES MEAN PROPERTIES THAT UNIQUELY IDENTIFY  THEM FROM OTHERS.  THIS APPLIES TO LIVING AS WELL AS NON LIVING THINGS ON EARTH.   I AM GOING TO SHOW FEW OF THEM.   SO LET’S BEGIN. WE ARE GOING TO DISCUSS ABOUT SOME FEATURES OF  WINDOWS 7   ·                  THE NEW TASKBAR  – THE TASKBAR IS LOCATED AT THE BOTTOM OF THE WINDOWS DESKTOP.  BY DEFAULT WHEN AN APPLICATION OPENS YOU WILL SEE ITS ICON APPEAR IN THE TASKBAR.  HOWEVER,  WHEN THE APPLICATION IS CLOSED, THE ICON GOES AWAY.  FOR COMMONLY ACCESSED APPLICATION, USERS CAN PLACE A PERMANENT ICON ON EITHER THE TASKBAR OR IN THE START MENU.  THIS IS REFERRED AS “PINNING”.  TO PIN A PROGRAM TO THE TASK BAR,...
Post a Comment
Read more